Author: isandaruwan

We download many things on an average day. It may be software that you need, maybe a PDF file, maybe an image, or maybe an MP3 file. It can be anything based on what you need. We all do this.

Now, just take a moment and go visit your Download directory…

How much file does it contain? if you want to find a certain file, does it seems easy? for me, it’s time-consuming and I have so many things in my download folder.

All of us, in many ways, like to be organized and keep our stuff in a certain order. At least we keep our PC Desktop organized.🙂

If you try to organize your Download folder manually it will take a lot of effort and time.

Now, how about if we have a way of getting this messy Download folder organized based on the file type? Move all the files to a folder based on its extension.

Not only that, How about if we can move a downloaded file to a specific folder at the moment it completes the download?

How cool is that?

I also had these questions and thoughts too.

I wanted to automate this so that I will not have to think about this again.

Following simple Python scrip will do exactly what I wanted. I will explain it to you so that you also will understand it and apply it to your need.

Let’s start.

Libraries Used

We only use the Python Standard Libraries for this and no need to install extra libraries.

Our Imports

We mainly use the os library to access the filesystem, shutil library to move and copy files, and the time library to manage our intervals within the main loop.

from os import listdir
from os.path import isfile, join
import os
import shutil
import time

Set our Variables

Now we define our variables which we will use within the script. In this way, it’s easy for us to manage those when we need changes.

Here we need a variable to store our source location which is the Download folder, then we need another variable to store our destination location, in here you can give any location you desire to have your downloads organized.

sourceFolder = "C:\\Users\\User\\Downloads"
 file_type_variation_list = []
filetype_folder_dict = {}
destination_root = "D:\\Downloads"

Defining method to execute our logic

We will now create a method to store our logic and code for the manipulation of files in the Download directory.

def sort_files_in_a_folder(mypath):

now we need to collect the full path of all the files in the Download directory so that we can loop them later in our script. For this, we use the following line of code.

    files = [file_name for file in listdir(mypath) if isfile(join(mypath, file_name))]

in above, we loop through all the files in the source directory while checking the validity of the file and assigning it to the file array.

This is why I love Python. Just one line of code, we collected all the file paths to an array.

Now we need to loop through these files to arrange them according to its extension. We need two for loops. One is to create our file extension array, our file type folder dictionary, and creating the folder structure on our destination location.

The second loop is to move the files from source to destination folders based on file extension.

First for Loop

In this, we loop through all the files in our files array. we split the file using dot(.) to get the file extension. Here there could be dots within the file name also, so we use -1 here file.split(‘.’)[-1], to get the last item of the array which is our extension.

for file in files:
        filetype = file.split('.')[-1]

After that, we need to make sure that we do not move .tmp files as those are the temporary files created for ongoing downloads. if we move them, our downloads will fail. Hence we check whether the extensions on file_type_variation_list and filetype do not equal to tmp.

if filetype not in file_type_variation_list and filetype != "tmp":

Once the check is completed if that is a new extension, we then need to add it to our extension array file_type_variation_list.

file_type_variation_list.append(filetype)

Now, we need to create our new folder path in order to create our destination location. Also, we need to populate our dictionary variable and map the extension to its folder path. Once done, we use an if condition to check whether the folder exists or not. If not, then we create the folder.

new_folder_name = destination_root + '/' + filetype + '_folder'
filetype_folder_dict[str(filetype)] = str(new_folder_name)
if os.path.isdir(new_folder_name):
    continue
else:
    os.mkdir(new_folder_name)

Second for Loop

This loop is to find the file extension and move the file to the destination location. Here I have introduced a try block to avoid script crashes if there are issues that occurred during the file move.

We generate the source file path using mypath variable and file variable and get the file extension as we described in the previous loop, then check the new location on our dictionary variable. Finally, we move the file from a source location to a destination.

for file in files:
    src_path = mypath + '/' + file
    filetype = file.split('.')[-1]
    if filetype in filetype_folder_dict.keys():
        dest_path = filetype_folder_dict[str(filetype)]
        try:
            shutil.move(src_path, dest_path)
            print(src_path + '>>>' + dest_path)
        except shutil.Error as ex:
            pass

Our Main Loop

This is the main loop and it keeps running. It checks the file count in the Download folder to determine whether a new file was downloaded. If a new file is downloaded, the old count and the new count will not match and then it calls our method above described to move that file to the destination.

while True:
    NumberOfFiles = len(os.listdir(sourceFolder))
    time.sleep(20)
    OldNumber = NumberOfFiles
    NumberOfFiles = len(os.listdir(sourceFolder))
    if NumberOfFiles != OldNumber:
        sort_files_in_a_folder(sourceFolder)

Full Script

Here I have attached the full script.

from os import listdir
from os.path import isfile, join
import os
import shutil
import time

sourceFolder = "C:\\Users\\User\\Downloads"
file_type_variation_list = []
filetype_folder_dict = {}
destination_root = "D:\\Downloads"

def sort_files_in_a_folder(mypath):
    files = [file_name for file in listdir(mypath) if isfile(join(mypath, file_name))]

    for file in files:
        filetype = file.split('.')[-1]
        if filetype not in file_type_variation_list and filetype != "tmp":
            file_type_variation_list.append(filetype)
            new_folder_name = destination_root + '/' + filetype + '_folder'
            filetype_folder_dict[str(filetype)] = str(new_folder_name)
            if os.path.isdir(new_folder_name):
                continue
            else:
                os.mkdir(new_folder_name)

    for file in files:
        src_path = mypath + '/' + file
        filetype = file.split('.')[-1]
        if filetype in filetype_folder_dict.keys():
            dest_path = filetype_folder_dict[str(filetype)]
            try:
                shutil.move(src_path, dest_path)
                print(src_path + '>>>' + dest_path)
            except shutil.Error as ex:
                pass


while True:
    NumberOfFiles = len(os.listdir(sourceFolder))
    time.sleep(20)
    OldNumber = NumberOfFiles
    NumberOfFiles = len(os.listdir(sourceFolder))
    if NumberOfFiles != OldNumber:
        sort_files_in_a_folder(sourceFolder)

Conclusion

Create a .bat file in order to add this to Windows Scheduler so that It listens to changes to the Download folder, which will trigger our script.

C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\python.exe "D:\My Projects\Python\Automation\AutoMoveDownloads\cleanDownloads.py"

Everyone loves to listen to music. Sometimes you want to download your favorite song mp3 or your favorite album mp3. Downloading hundreds of mp3 files manually was…tiresome.

One day while I was downloading my favorite songs from an MP3 website, a question popped up in my mind: Why am I downloading all these files manually? That’s when I started thinking of writing an automation script for this.

Sounds like fun work to me, as I was working on some web scraping projects at that time. the idea was to input the artist name, and it scraped the source code for mp3 files from that artist and download them onto my HDD by creating a separate folder with the artist name. Let’s dive in and understand each step.

First thing – First

We need one extra python library ‘BeautifulSoup’ which we need to install before we move further. Following is the instruction on how to install it.

pip install beautifulsoup4

Now we all set. Let’s dig in

Import Required Libraries to your python program

From the library we just installed we import the BeautifulSoup module to our program. We use the BeautifulSoup library to parse the HTML content of the site URL.

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

Then we need to import another library to handle the HTTP request. For that, we use the requests module from python.

import requests

We have now imported libraries that need us to scrape the site and download the MP3 files. Now we need two more python libraries that we use to access the os file system to write our MP3 files.

import os
import sys

Now we have all the libraries and modules imported to our program.

We’ll set few Variables

We need the user to input the artist’s name in order to download the MP3 files for that artist. For that, we need a string variable to accept system inputs. module sys provide a method to read input values and store them in a string array. we need to provide the correct index to ready the user input. For us, it’s the 1st position of the array.

artist_name = sys.argv[1]

Now we need four more string variables to store directory name, URL with artist name, file extension that we are going to download, and one for storing the file name.

dirname = artist_name
url = 'https://www.sinhalasongs.lk/sinhala-songs-download/' + artist_name + '/'
# URL look like this now. https://www.sinhalasongs.lk/sinhala-songs-download/amaradeva/
ext = 'mp3'
filename = ''

Check Validity of the User Input

Using a simple if block we can check whether the user has entered the artist name or not. If our artist_name variable is not empty, that means the user has provided the artist name. If the user has not provided any input then the program will notify the user with a message “Artist name needs to provide.” and terminate the program

if artist_name is not None:
   #we will write our code here.
else:
   print('Artist name needs to provide.')

Read and Parse the HTML

Using request.get() method we can read the URL and after that, we convert it to text so that we can give it as an input to our HTML parser (BeautifulSoup).

page = requests.get(url).text
soup = BeautifulSoup(page, 'html.parser')

Find all the Anchor Tags and Loop

Now, we have our HTML code. What we need to do is find all the <a> tags on the page. This is where we find the href property which has the URL for Artists’ Home Page. Once we collect all the <a> tags we need to loop each one of them with a condition in place to find the URLs where the artist’s name is present. If we find one anchor tag where href value is set to a URL with the artist name, then we need to read that URL and have to do the Read and Parse steps to that URL too. This means now we have navigated to the Artists home page where all the MP3s are listed for that artist.

for node in soup.find_all('a'):
   if node.get('href').find(artist_name) != -1:
      url2 = node.get('href') + '/'
      page2 = requests.get(url2).text
      soup2 = BeautifulSoup(page2, 'html.parser')

Loop all the Anchor Tags in Artist Home Page

Now we have the HTML source for Artist’s home page, we need to find the <a> tags which contain the link to the MP3 file. Once we find it, we need to create the folder with Artist’s name and download the MP3 file to that location. Here I have used a try block to capture any errors while downloading and ignore them to move to the next URL. We do not want our program to stop if there is one broken link to the MP3 file.

for node2 in soup2.find_all('a'):
   if node2.get('href').endswith(ext):
   try:
      if not os.path.exists(dirname):
         os.mkdir(dirname)
         for txt in node2.get('href').split('/'):
            if txt.endswith(ext):
               filename = txt
               r = requests.get(node2.get('href'), allow_redirects=True)
               os.chdir('C:/Python/' + dirname)
               open(filename, 'wb').write(r.content)
               os.chdir('C:/Python/')
   except IndexError:
      continue

Other Sites

While trying to download MP3s from another website, I realized that the source codes were different. Hence, the links had to be dealt with differently. Since I had already parsed the URL, I knew its source and had to do a few tweaks to the program to make it work.

And there it was! My very own MP3 downloading web scraping tool. Why waste hours downloading files manually when you can copy-paste a link and let Python do its magic?

Here’s what my overall code looked like:

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import requests
import os
import sys


artist_name = sys.argv[1]
dirname = artist_name

url = 'https://www.sinhalasongs.lk/sinhala-songs-download/' + artist_name + '/'
ext = 'mp3'
filename = ''

if artist_name is not None:
   page = requests.get(url).text
   soup = BeautifulSoup(page, 'html.parser')
   for node in soup.find_all('a'):
      if node.get('href').find(artist_name) != -1:
         url2 = node.get('href') + '/'
         page2 = requests.get(url2).text
         soup2 = BeautifulSoup(page2, 'html.parser')
         for node2 in soup2.find_all('a'):
            if node2.get('href').endswith(ext):
               try:
                  if not os.path.exists(dirname):
                     os.mkdir(dirname)
                     for txt in node2.get('href').split('/'):
                        if txt.endswith(ext):
                           filename = txt
                           r = requests.get(node2.get('href'), allow_redirects=True)
                           os.chdir('C:/Python/' + dirname)
                           open(filename, 'wb').write(r.content)
                           os.chdir('C:/Python/')
               except IndexError:
                  continue
else:
   print('Artist name needs to provide.')

Want to try it? Feel free to fork, clone, and star it on my Github. Have ideas to improve it? Create a pull request!

Github Link: https://github.com/cry4rock/Mp3FileDownloader